A solution that holds water
Name a biological function, and proteins called integrins are probably involved in it. Together, the 24 members of the integrin family allow cells to attach to one another and to the matrix that surrounds them. They help cells decide what to become, where to go, how to respond to their environments, and when to grow, divide or die.
Integrins’ ubiquity and versatility also mean that when cells bearing them go awry, these proteins can contribute to a range of diseases, from autoimmune diseases to cancer.
The FDA has so far approved six drugs that reduce the activity of specific integrins to treat illnesses such as multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis and to prevent blood clots from forming. To the disappointment of scientists, doctors and patients, however, other promising candidates have failed in clinical trials and curtailed integrins’ potential as treatment targets.
New work led by researchers at Harvard Medical School and Boston Children’s Hospital uncovers a reason for the failures — and offers a potential solution.
Taking a close look at an integrin involved in blood clotting, Timothy Springer at HMS and Boston Children's and colleagues found that failed drugs for two different integrins inadvertently encourage the integrins to open up into their “on” position, potentially driving integrin activity instead of quelling it.
The team revealed that in its closed or “off” position, the integrin contains a water molecule held in place by a series of chemical bonds. The integrin ejects the water molecule when activated.
Once they learned what was happening, the researchers were able to design integrin blockers that coaxed the clotting protein into its “off” position by holding the water molecule in place with a nitrogen atom.
Further tests hinted that water molecules play the same role in other integrins, indicating that the team’s strategy could work more broadly.
The findings, published in the journal Cell on Sept. 15, forge a clearer path for drug development and deepen researchers’ understanding of how integrins work normally.
“The same water-harnessing design principle has already been extended to another integrin, and structural information suggests that researchers can design drugs to target further members of the integrin family to treat diseases that cause great suffering,” said Springer.
“It’s always gratifying to work on a project that is both scientifically and medically important,” he added.
This article was republished with permission from Harvard Medical School. Read the original.
Enjoy reading ASBMB Today?
Become a member to receive the print edition four times a year and the digital edition weekly.
Learn moreGet the latest from ASBMB Today
Enter your email address, and we’ll send you a weekly email with recent articles, interviews and more.
Latest in Science
Science highlights or most popular articles
Gene-mutation pathway discovery paves way for targeted blood cancers therapies
A new study by researchers at the universities of Texas and Chicago explains the enzymatic activity that’s needed for tumor suppression in leukemias and other cancers.
Candy binges can overload your gut microbiome
While most Halloween candies contain lots of sugar, some are better for your gut microbiome than others.
Water rescues the enzyme
“Sometimes you must bend the rules to get what you want.” In the case of using water in the purification of calpain-2, it was worth the risk.
Virtual issue celebrates water in ASBMB journals
Read a dozen gold open-access articles covering exciting research about the society’s 2024 Molecule of the year.
There are worse things in the water than E. coli
E. coli levels determined whether Olympic swimmers could dive into the Seine this past summer. But are these bacteria the best proxy for water contamination?
Biobots arise from the cells of dead organisms
Given the right conditions, certain types of cells are able to self-assemble into new lifeforms after the organism they were once part of has died.