Scientific skills

Discovery requires objective measurement, quantitative analysis and clear communication

Students should explain and apply the process of science, including hypothesis generation, experimental design, quantitative analysis, and data interpretation.

The learning goals below are categorized as introductory A, intermediate B and upper C.

1. Process of science skills

The process of science combines creative ideas, experimentation and data analysis. Scientists develop a hypothesis and design and conduct appropriate experiments. Experimental results are analyzed and data interpreted using appropriate quantitative modeling and simulation tools.

Associated learning goals

Students should be able to accurately prepare and use reagents and perform the required experiments. A
When presented with an observation, students should be able to develop a testable and falsifiable hypothesis. B
When provided with a hypothesis, students should be able to identify the appropriate experimental observations and controllable variables. C
Students should be able to determine averages and standard deviations to relate the significance of experimentally obtained data. A
Students should be able to use appropriate equations to analyze experimental data and obtain parameters. B
Students should be able to use equations and models to predict outcomes of experiments. C

2. Accessing, comprehending and communicating science

Scientists access, assess and use available information and present data in appropriate contexts in a variety of ways at different levels.

Associated learning goals

Students should be able to identify, locate and use the primary literature. A
Students should be able to use databases and bioinformatics tools. B
Students, when provided with appropriate background information, should be able to identify consistencies and inconsistencies. C
Students should be able to explain the big picture aspects of current challenges in the molecular life sciences. A
Students should be able to use visual and verbal tools to explain concepts and data. B
Students should be able to translate science into everyday examples. C

3. Community of practice

Science is interdisciplinary and relies on collaboration, effective teamwork, safety and ethical practices.

Associated learning goals

Students should explain the importance of and keep an accurate laboratory notebook. A
Given a case study, students should be able to identify both scientific and societal ethical aspects. B
Students should be able to explain cross-disciplinary concepts such as modularity, energy, modeling scientific phenomena, change over time and the differences between stochastic and deterministic phenomena.C
Students should be able to access and interpret safety information and conduct lab work safely and ethically. A
Students should be able to give and take directions to be an effective team member. B